JOURNAL OF
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING |
JOURNAL |
CONTENTS[Chinese]
On the mechanism of winnowing of sediment particles
| Liu Qingquan | Cao Wenhong |
(Institute of Mechanics,Academia Sinica) |
(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research) |
Abstract In this paper,a systematic study on the process of sediment
particles being winnowed in water flow from river bed is carried out.Some questions that
exist in traditional theories are discussed.Based on a new mechanics idea,the mechanism of
the winnowing of the sediment particles is analyzed in detail.
Key words sediment
particles,irregular motion,saltation,turbulent bursting,winnowing.
Simulation of 1-D dam break flood wave routing and
reflection by
using TVD schemes
Wang Jiasong Ni hangen Jin Sheng Li Jianchu
(Dalian University of Technology)
Abstract In this paper,explicit and implicit TVD schemes for computation of
aerodynamic are used to simulate the 1-D unsteady open channel flow of sudden dam
break.The calculation resuls are compared with analytic solutions and some other
results.It is demonstrated that higher accuracy,good stability and non-oscillatory
predictions are obtained and good shock-capturing ability is shown.
Key words Dam break flood
wave,simulation,TVD schemes,routing,reflection.
2-Dsimulation model of flood routing and sediment transport
in the
lower reach of the Yellow River
| Cheng Xiaotao Huang Jinchi | Xue Yunpeng |
| (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research) | (River Bureau of the Water Resources Committee of the Yellow River) |
Abstract Based on the theory of unsteady flow and non-equilibrium sediment
transport, a 2-D simulation model of flood routing and sediment transport in the lower
reach of the Yellow River has been developed. The model is built by non-structural
irregular grids, combining with finite difference and finite volume methods, in which the
significant influences of overbank storage, local leve and scouring (silting) in the
process of flood propagation can be well considered.
Key words 2-D unsteady flow, flood
routing, sediment transport, simulation.
Application of boundary layer method to hydraulic
design of flow
measuring flume in open channel
Zhang Zhichang Liu Yafei
Li Jianzhong
(Xian University of Technology)
Abstract The method for hydraulic design is discussed according to the
boundary layer theory and critical depth theory. The computational value are compared with
the experimental data of triangular broad crest weir, U shape channel weir with straight
walls and trapezoidal measuring flume. The results show that good agreement is attained.
Key words flow measuring flume,
boundary layer, discharge, critical depth.
Effect of aeration and sediment
laden on boundary
shear stress in high velocity flow
Huang Xibin Yuan
Yinzhong
(Hohai University)
Abstract In a special circulating system with high velocity flow, boundary
shear stresses in clear water flow, aerated flow and sediment laden flow are measured. It
is found that the probability distribution of the fluctuating magnitude of boundary stress
obeys the normal distribution. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between
shear stress and flow velocity is analyzed and the effect of air and sediment laden
content on boundary shear stress is discussed. It is shown that the higher the air
concentration and the less the sediment laden, the less the shear stress.
Key words boundary shear stress,
transducer, sediment laden flow, aeration.
Integral analysis method and its application to observational data of dam
Wang Shuyu Liu Guohua Li
Fuqiang Liu Lijun
(Zhejiang University)
Abstract The factor analysis method including mathematical model, eigenvalue
method of factor abstraction, rotational transformation and factor explanation, and its
application to integral analysis of observational data of large dam have been presented in
this paper. Results show that the critical factors abstracted can reflect the deformation
characteristics of arch dam. Data reproduced from factor analysis well coincide with the
original observational data and errors in observation can also be detected and corrected.
Key words dam observation, factor
analysis, integral analysis of data.
A Simplified method to evaluate liquefaction of building's subsoil
Men Fulu Cui Jie Jing Liping Chen Wenhua
(Institute of Engineering Mechanics)
Abstract On the basis of a review of the limited number of literature in
respect of model tests and finite element analysis, the authors presented a new simplified
method which is simple for handle, clear in physical insight and having tolerable
engineering accuracy. The method could be applied to evaluate liquefaction potential and
damage extent of the subsoil of ordinary hydraulic engineering structure and civil
engineering.
Key words seismic liquefaction,
subsoil of building, cone model, building-soil interaction, Seed's simplified method.
Nonsingular stress distribution effects
in rock crack propagation
under shearing load
| Liu Daan | Li Liyun | Ma Xiaochun |
| (Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) | (Beijing University of Science and Technology) | (China University of Geosciences) |
Abstract The KÅ and complete stress distribution for several kinds
of four-point bending specimens are calculated. Some experimental researches are carried
out. The analyses indicate that, the tensile fracture for shearing crack of rock not only
depends on the singular stress distribution but also on nonsingular distribution.
Key words shearing crack, tensile
fracture, singular stress distribution, nonsingular stress distribution.
Theoretical analysis of stochastic
response of soil water storage
to evapotranspiration flutuation
Luo Yi Lei Zhidong Yang Shixiu
(Tsinghua University)
Abstract Based on the assumption that potential evapotranspiration consist
of two part,of which one follows a deterministic seasonal trend and another fluctuates
randomly around the former,and the water balance equation governing the soil water
movement in the root-zone,a conceptual-stochastic model is established.The model is a
stochastic differential equation.The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived on
the basis of further assumption that the normalized random term of evapotranspiration
follows the white noise process.The numerical solution of Fokker-Planck equation is
obtained and the mean and deviation process of state variables are tested with the field
experimental data.The comparisons show that:1.The established model is valid and can be
used to predict the soil water storage in root-zone,2.The prediction deviation of SWS
increases with time which may bring some difficulties for the accurate long lead time
prediction of SWS.Finally,it iis suggested that the colored noise process of the random
term of evapotranspiration must be taken into account in the model so that the prediction
deviation of SWS could be reduced.
Key words soil storage,soil
moisture prediction,conceptual model,stochasic process.
The Optimum Operation Model of flood control System
Fu Xiang Ji Changming
(Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering)
Abstract A multidimensional dynamic
programming model is established for joint operation of complicated flood control system
of eliminate the effect related of system history.The optimum strategy for regulation of a
flood can be effectively acquired by utilizing this model when progressive optimality
algorthm (POA) method is used.The feasibility and effectiveness are demonstrated by
comparisons of results.
Key words flood control system,operation,multidimensional DP.
Shen Dajun,Liang
Ruiju,Wang Hao,Jiang Yunzhong
(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research)
Abstract The paper firstly presentedthat that the wate resources value
consisted of three components:property right, shortage and working value.The property
right is the essential prerequisite for rational water allocation and effective water
use.The shortage requires that the water user should make compensation to the potential
users.Furthermore,the degree of the shortage determines that the values of the water
resources are different among regions.The working value means that a portion of the
resource value comes from the labor and material consumption in surveying,monitoring,
protection and management of water resources.
The paper first reviewed the definitions and
attributes of general natural resources,then focused on the characteristics of water
resources.The authors discussed the water resources value from the angles of the land
rent,working value, shadow price,marginal utility,non-use value theory,and gave the
definitions of the water value.This definition provides the theoretical basis for the
water resources pricing,and is helpful to promote the management pattern that the
resources management is separated from the asset's management.
Key words natural resources,water
resources, value theory,scarcity,property right,working value
Critical stability ctriterion
formula and design safety factors
of RCC gravity dams
Chang Xiaolin Lu Shuyuan Lai Guowei
(Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering)
Abstract On the basis of investigations into the progressive yield process
and the possible failure modes of RCC gravity dams,the quasi-elasticity design limit state
of the ctrtical stability criterion is proposed and the real working state of the dams
designed according to the ctriterion is discussed.A check formula using the material
strength reducing factor as the safety index and a simplified formula similar to against
sliding stability fromula are derived.Finally,the corresponding design safety factors are
given by using FEM calculations with various influence parameters to be taken into
account.
Key words RCC dam,failure
ctrterion,stability check formula,design safety factors.
Experimental study on the
intermittent infiltration of silt laden
water surge flow border irrigation
Fei Liangjun Wang Weiyan
(Xian University of Technology)
Abstract This paper discusses the intermittent infiltration behaviors of
silt laden water based on the field experimental data.On the basis of these data the
effects of sediment contents and grain size distribution in laden water on the
intermittent infiltration behaviors and infiltration reduction are studied and
analyzed.The relation between the physical viscous particle content of laden water and
filtration reduction rate are established.
Key words silt laden
water,intermittent infiltration,surge flow irrigation,sediment concentration,grain size
distribution.
The stochastic optimal operation model
and method of chain
hydroelectric station system
Li Aliling
(Beijing General Hydrology Service)
Abstract This paper,taking the hydroelectric station system in the upper
reaches of the Yellow River as an example,studied the electri coptimal operation problem
of hydroelectric station system by applying stochastic optimal operation method.Owing to
appropriate dealing with inflow the dimension disaster is avoided successfully.The results
show that the model is reasonable.
Key words hydroelectric station
system,stochastic optimal,electric operation.
On the dried up of the Yellow River
Cheng Jinhao Wang Weimei
Wang Hua Lu Man Wang Dezhong
(Shandong Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources)
Abstract The causes of the diried up of the Yellow River are investigated
and the measures for prevent from dired up were proposed.
Key words dried up,water
resources,lower reaches,the Yellow River,causes,strategy.