An ANN method for dynamic locating of bursting point in pipe network
of urban water supply

ZHU Donghai¹, ZHANG Tuqiao²£¬MAO Genhai²
(1.Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
2.Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310027)

MO Xingguo¹£¬LIN Zhonghui¹£¬LIU Suxia¹
(1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101)

Abstract: An improved dual-source model is proposed by which the canopy transpiration and underneath soil evaporation can be estimated analytically. The model is testified by surface energy balance data collected in summer maize field. The output evapotranspiration is in good agreement with that calculated by Bowen ratio-energy balance method. Sensitivities of some main parameters for evapotranspiration show that the variation of enapotranspiration is less than 7% when parameters vary in the range of¡À20%.

ZHU Eryu¹, LOU Yunping², LIU Xin³
(1.Northern Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;2.North China Institute of Water Conservancy and
Hydroelectric Power, handan 056021,China;3.2rd Hongyanchi Electric Power Led., Urumqi 830002,China)

SHU Anping¹, KUANG Shanfu¹, XU Yongnian¹
(1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044,China)

NI Jinren^£±, WANG Guangqian²
(1.Peking University,Beijing 100871; 2.Tsinghua University,Beijing,China)

NI Jinren¹  WANG Guangqian²
(1.Peking University, Beijing 100811£»2.Tsinghua University,Beijing 100080)

Abstract: This paper presents the application of kinetic theory to low concentration and hyper-concentrated flow. It is indicated that the kinetic theory for a solid-liquid two-phase flow gives reasonable microscopic descriptions of the motion of sediment particles and their interaction. The mechanisms of low concentration and hyper-concentrated flows are quite different due to the different dominant actions. The former is controlled by the liquid action or liquid-solid interaction, while the latter is principally controlled by the interaction between particles. These essential differences can be well described by the kinetic theory rather than by the traditional theories. The kinetic theory is compared with the experimental results both for low concentration and hyper-concentrated flows. Satisfactory agreement is attained.

HE Yun¹,LIU Cheng¹,WEI Heping2
(1.Anhui Architectural Engineering Institute, Hefei 230022;2. Tongji University, Shanghai 200092,China)

Abstract: The behavior of port jet scouring under the most unfavorable sedimentation condition is experimentally investigated in hydraulic model test. The conception of critical sediment scouring velocity is defined and an empirical expression of the relationship among sedimentation depth, critical scouring velocity and jet diameter is obtained. On this basis, the method for determination of the height of riser port is proposed.

DENG Liangkui, DENG Qi, GUO Jucai, BAI Mingdi
(Shanxi Hydroelectric Investigation Design and Research Institute, Taiyuan 630024,China)

Abstract: This paper presents a scenario in which two reservoirs in cascade are jointly used to regulate water and silt. The upstream reservoir retains water during post flood period and discharges water in flood season. Thus, it makes use of flood to sluice sediment during flood period. At the same time the downstream reservoir regulates the incoming water during flood period. After the retained water is used up, the downstream reservoir uses water from upstream reservoir to sluice sediment. This mode of operation can coordinate sediment sluicing and water retaining. After the balance of sediment depositing and sluicing is achieved, the effective reservoir volumes can regulate both water and silt for a long term.

WANG Renchao¹, ZHANG Ligang¹, HANG Renbing¹
(1.Tianjin University, Tianjin 300073,China)

Abstract: Based on the analysis of farmland pipe-irrigation system, two methods for optimal design of farmland pipe-irrigation system are proposed. One is based on the single objective optimal method for pipe diameter design applied in municipal water supply network and another is based on the multi-objective optimal method. A case study shows that these methods are applicable in engineering practice.

CHEN Wenyao¹, LI Wenwei¹
(1.The Test Center of the China TGP Development Corp., Hubei Yichang 443133,China)

Abstract: In this paper, the measures adopted in the design of concrete mix for the dam in Three Gorges Project are described. The technical measures include high quality water reducing agent, air entrainment additive, first grade fly ash, micro-expensive middle heat cement, controlling the alkali content in raw material and concrete, reducing the water-cement ratio, increasing the amount of fly ash. These measures efficiently lowered the water requirement, improved the workability and durability as well as the volume stability of concrete. High performance concrete for dam is attained.

ZHAO Jianming¹ WANG Wenshao¹ ZHANG Chongwen²
(1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044£»
2.Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)

Abstract: The 3-D nonlinear effective stress response analysis method and corresponding calculation program are proposed to study the influence factors of seismic pore water pressure in earthª²rock dams. Since the amplitude, predominant period and wave shapes of ground motion may significantly affect the seismic pore water pressure, the determination of the characteristic parameters of ground motion is very important. The study results show that effective stress seismic response analysis method, in which the dissipation and diffusion of seismic pore water pressure are considered, is reasonable. In view of the seismic pore water pressure may vary greatly, keeping the drainage in good condition is effective in improving the seismic stability of earth-rock dams.

ZHANG Zhaohuang^£±, YANG Guangjie^£², YE Dinghai^£±,WANG Dunhou³
(1.North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206;
2.China International Water and Electric Corp., Beijing 100011,China;
3.Xinzhou Designing Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Xinzhou 036500,China)

Abstract: The statistic of 81 water projects indicates that the probability of annual maximum water level acting on gates obeys the normal distribution, log-normal distribution and Gumbel distribution, and the characteristic parameters are different from those of annual maximum water level of reservoirs. On this basis, the probability distribution function and relevant characteristic parameters of annual maximum water level acting on gates within the life expectancy are deduced.

YU Minghui¹, YANG Guolu¹
(1.Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering, Hubei Wuhan 430072,China)

Abstract: In this paper, a plane 2-D mathematical model for unsteady flow and non-homogeneous sediment movement based on grid and splitting principle is established. The flow equation together with diffusion equation for suspension have been split into three parts including convection, diffusion and propagation, and corresponding methods for calculation are proposed. The numerical calculation shows that the process of river bed erosion can be precisely simulated by using this method.

LIU Hansheng¹, NI Hangen¹, LIANG Chuan²
(1.Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024,China; 2.Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065,China)

Abstract   Based on the simplified formulas for shock wave and characteristics of radial contraction flow, a configuration design method for symmetric slit-bucket with curved side-wall is established. By this method no iteration of calculation in needed. The validity of this method is verified by hydraulic model test.

YANG Kailin¹, SHI Qisui¹, DONG Xinglin¹
(1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038£¬China)

Abstract: A fictitious method for calculating the transient flow in the filling process of an empty tunnel with free surface is proposed. By using this method the filling process of Wanjiazhai Diversion Project is calculated. The principle for selecting the capacity of pump for filling is demonstrated by an example.

Key words: tunnel; water filling; fictitious method, pump